Thrombospondin 1 activates the macrophage Toll-like receptor 4 pathway

Heme Activates Macrophage Hepcidin Expression via Toll like Receptor 4 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Signaling Pathway

Tight regulation of systemic and cellular iron levels is required for good health. This control is ensured by hepcidin, a small peptide hormone produced predominantly by the liver. Lack of hepcidin expression or mutations affecting regulators of hepcidin expression, cause common genetic iron disorders. Hepcidin is also expressed in myeloid cells and its expression is increased after infections ...

Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Toll-IL-1 Receptor

Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide structure-dependent activation of the macrophage CD14/Toll-like receptor 4 pathway.

Meningococcal lipopoly(oligo)saccharide (LOS) is a major inflammatory mediator of fulminant meningococcal sepsis and meningitis. Highly purified wild-type meningococcal LOS and LOS from genetically defined mutants of Neisseria meningitidis that contained specific mutations in LOS biosynthesis pathways were used to confirm that meningococcal LOS activation of macrophages was CD14/Toll-like recep...

High mobility group box 1 activates Toll like receptor 4 signaling in hepatic stellate cells.

AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a damage pattern molecule that signals the presence of necrosis, on TLR4 signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). MAIN METHODS Immortalized mouse HSC lines JS1, JS2, and JS3 that were either TLR4(+/+), TLR4(-/-), or MyD88(-/-) were transfected with NF-κB or AP-1 responsive luciferase report...

Advanced glycation end-product of low density lipoprotein activates the toll-like 4 receptor pathway implications for diabetic atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) attributable to hyperglycemia in diabetics promotes the development of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS The advanced glycation end-product of low-density-lipoprotein (AGE-LDL) induced proinflammatory cytokine produc...